Government should be responsible for the unemployed in the uk. To what Essay

Government ought to be liable for the jobless in the uk. How much do you concur with this announcement - Essay Example Significant point of this exposition is to address the activities that are taken by British Government so as to decrease the developing joblessness rate. The main explanation is British Government has used duties that are gathered from the average folks so as to make work open doors for work searchers in open divisions. What's more, the British government has presented government assistance use program in the year 2012 to give salary advantages to average folks by using the assessment sum. English government declared 16 percent of government going through in the year 2011 to make business open doors for work searchers (Heyes, 2011, p.6). Government has made noteworthy interests in a few advantage territories, for example, state benefits, handicap living stipend, pay support for work washouts, lease refund, recompenses of employment searchers and annuity credit for elderly folks individuals. Government has guaranteed these uses by using gathered open duty sum. In the budgetary year 2011-12, the British government has made colossal venture to pay business advantages to jobless individuals during the period of post financial downturn. Th e facts confirm that open help annuity cost has risen adequately in most recent 10 years (HM Treasury, 2013, p.16). Additionally, British government has put resources into a few open assistance advancement programs, for example, presentation of state funded schools, emergency clinics and different establishments. Consumption behind these commencements can go under other uncategorized use. It empowers gigantic number of occupation searchers to discover business openings in these open divisions. Most importantly, these improvements used to assist the everyday citizens with stabilizing their public activity. Then again, advancement procedure of these open administrations by and large creates noteworthy business open doors for the average citizens (Hall, 2003, p.21). Government by and large uses this assessment sum in the improvement of open

BOTNETS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

BOTNETS - Essay Example PCs have coordinated profoundly in our lives and it is because of this reality that the current occasions can be named as the innovative period. PCs have made life helpful and quick paced. Notwithstanding, alongside the accommodation some more things have additionally been acquainted like danger with individual data and scholarly belongings. The creation of web has disturbed these dangers and has given new methods for malignant exercises. Botnets is one of the more up to date methods that is adjusted by programmers to access various frameworks on the system and afterward perform unseemly robotized assignments through them. The initiation of botnets goes back to the days when the Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was exceptionally well known among the web clients. IRC is a convention that has been created for ongoing many-to-numerous correspondence. IRC comprised of channels and servers on which correspondence used to happen. Channels used to be worked by direct administrators who were accountable for observing the exercises on the channels and servers. With the expansion of clients on IRC, clashes likewise expanded between the clients. The clients needed to access more servers which along these lines made clashes. A portion of the clients began creating contents to endeavor disavowal of administration and conveyed forswearing of administration assaults on the servers to crash them. Slamming the system used to cause invigorate of the server and along these lines dole out another client as the administrator. Afterward, these contents began being utilized to target people. These vindictive exercises started the i dea of botnets. Bot is characterized as malignant programming that might be living on a solitary PC. It is mechanized and runs by the order from the IRC server, it makes the PC bargained and a piece of a more extensive system of comparative contaminated frameworks. Enselmi et al. (2010) expressed that this server is additionally called the Command and Control server and the orders are sent in Command and Control

Dialogue Story, The Ginger Ale Mystery Essays - Hans, Ginger Ale

Exchange Story, the Ginger Ale Mystery So Hans, how was your day today? said Miguel. Not very well, said Hans with despair. I broke a string on my violin today at the ensemble. Broke a string eh? said Miguel. Did you see it in time? No, nobody let me know until after the exhibition. Damn, I wish individuals weren't so scared by individuals who are visually impaired. said Hans. Truly, I can relate. Well... Your violin you state? How might you like me to remove it from your hands? said Miguel, with a trace of enthusiasm for his voice. What? What might You be able to conceivably give me for my prize Stradivarius violin? shouted Hans. All things considered, we could make a little bet. Miguel was presently full into the violin. I am a specific puzzle fan. All things considered, so am I, Agatha Christie consistently makes me giggle! cried Hans, with tears in his eyes. Actually no, not that sort of secret. I'm keen on bolted room secrets. murmured Miguel. Do you recognize what they are? No, I can't state that I do. pondered Hans. What are they at that point? They are secrets where bolted rooms are included, said Miguel, also, where one individual may need to plan something for get into the bolted room and change something, for example, put soda into a glass of ice. Soda into a glass of ice? That is very simple. chuckled Hans. Truly, yet not when YOU are in a bolted room, the ice and glass in a safe, and me with the Ginger Ale outside! shouted Miguel. That is very remarkable, in the event that you could do it. Be that as it may, what might I get on the off chance that you didn't do it? asked Hans. Head seat everything being equal, in addition to 100,000 dollars, in CASH. said Miguel. Presently i'm in it. In any case, you need my Stradivarius violin on the off chance that you do it? asked Hans. Truly, thing's aren't modest nowadays. said Miguel. We'll see what you can do! The bet is on. You should come into a dim, dark room, with ME in it, open the sheltered, take out the glass, take out the ice, and pour in the soda, all without me hearing you? asked Hans, just to be sure. Obviously. What's more, the date for this little bet will be three days from next wednesday, on saturday. said Miguel. What's more, good karma. Good karma to you my companion, you'll need it. chuckled Hans. He's left! I have him now! I can't in any way, shape or form lose! shouted Hans. Ouch! I shouldn't move so much when I can't see anything, particularly that darn couch! shouted Hans. Ouch! My knee harms! Ha! Ha! The day has come! We should perceive what Miguel can do now! snickered Hans, hanging tight for Miguel. Hi my companion. Are you prepared? asked Miguel. Prepared and pausing. said Hans. Allow us to start. said Miguel. Here we are, in the room I've picked. said Hans. This is fine. Where are the glasses and the ice? asked Miguel. Directly on that foot stool.

Chinas Reform and Opening-Up Policy Essay Example for Free

Chinas Reform and Opening-Up Policy Essay Deng Xiaoping according to all the Chinese individuals know about, in light of the fact that he proposed the change and opening up arrangement, China has experienced tremendous changes, China not just in the monetary, political, social, social and different fields, different angles have gained incredible ground. I will isolate my discourse into three sections, the initial segment of the economy, the essential phase of communism, the fundamental monetary framework has been built up. Modify and improve the possession structure, changes in the proprietorship structure of open possession as the primary body, and an assortment of types of proprietorship build up the essential financial framework. The change of state-claimed ventures gained ​significant ground. 30 years as the focal connection of the financial change, the administration framework and activity component change of state-possessed ventures kept on extending. The greater part of the rebuilding of state-claimed endeavors as different investors corporate ventures, state-possessed economy and auxiliary change advances, extraordinarily animate the essentialness of undertakings, upgrade the control and impact of the state-possessed economy. The new large scale control framework bit by bit consummated. Break the customary exceptionally brought together arranging and the board framework, and step by step set up a large scale control framework to adjust to the prerequisites of the communist market economy, the change of government capacities, arranging, speculation, money and tax collection, fund, remote trade, the value framework change has accomplished huge advancement in the arrangement of national arranging and financial , fiscal approach and the coordination of full scale control framework. The subsequent part, asset assignment, pay conveyance framework is experiencing a basic change. Set up dissemination as per work is prevailing and an assortment of methods of conveyance exist together appropriation framework, the foundation of the creation variables of work, capital, innovation and the board arrangement of dispersion as per commitment. Accentuation on the treatment of the connection between the underlying appropriation and redistribution in the productivity and decency, give full play to the energy. The third part, standardized savings, government disability arrangement of Chinese attributes essentially shaped. Setting up and persistently improving the urban essential mature age protection framework, the arrangement of the urban and country fundamental clinical protection framework, and continually improve the joblessness protection, modern injury protection and maternity protection framework, by and large set up least living security framework for urban and rustic inhabitants, and step by step improve the social help framework.

History Of The Universal Music Group Media Essay

History Of The Universal Music Group Media Essay All inclusive Music Group is one of Big four organizations in the music business. UMG was established in 1898, when the National Gramophone Company set up the Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft (Universal Music Group | Get In Media). The last name of the organization, Universal, was presented via Carl Laemmle in 1912, it was the year when the film studio met up with the music organization. In 1924 the Music Corporation of America (MCA) was established. The year 1958 was significant for Universal in light of the fact that MCA procured the Universal Studios property and acquired Paramounts pre-1948 film library for its MCA TV division. The organization was consolidated as MCA Inc. what's more, it turned into an open organization in 1959. General and MCA Inc. authoritatively converged in 1962 after MCA procured Decca Records. The primary factor for Universal to get inspired by show areas and live amusement advancements was on the grounds that in 1972 Universal Amphitheater had been opened . In 1999 the UM3 was propelled, UM3 is a division of Universal Music International that covers all territories of key inventory showcasing outside North America. A critical actuality for 2001 is that Universal shaped restrictive dissemination and overall authorizing concurrence with UMG. In 2002 the UMG accomplished an industry achievement, and gave clients more than 75000 download tracks. In 2003 UMG purchased the rights on DreamWorks Records and teamed up with eBay to set up Universal Music Store. UMe Digital, an all-advanced download name, was shaped in 2004 through which UMG accomplished a 43,07% piece of the overall industry for week-finishing November fourteenth, the most elevated in Soundscan history. In 2008, 1 billion video streams have been conveyed on YouTube by UMG. In the next year UMG made VEVO and the organizations Sony and EMI joined VEVO. In 2011 UMG consented to a worldwide arrangement for The Voice of㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦. (History | Universal Music). The Universal Music Group is totally possessed by the French media partnership Vivendi. In 2010, the UMG had 6967 workers. The turnover of UMG in 2010 expense $5584 million. Widespread Music Group works in 72 nations, remembering North American base camp for Santa Monica and New York (Universal Music Group | Get In Media). UMG is engaged with various kinds of media fields, for example, Film and Music. Each part has with his single creations a predetermined objective gathering. The music section of UMG incorporates such a tremendous scope of craftsmen and kinds that it is covering a wide range of target gatherings. Business clients of the UMG are merchants and organizations from a similar industry section. UMG sells its items and administrations in various manners. For example, the organization utilizes a system of auxiliaries, joint endeavors and licensees (Universal Music Group, Inc.: Private Company Information Businessweek). UMG produces melodic accounts which speak to 70% of the pay, and verses and melodic scores which speak to just 20% of the salary. The companys items list likewise comprises of the creation of ace accounts, the assembling and bundling of CDs and the creation of databases to circulate downloads of chronicles. It is notable that Universal Music Group works with various well known craftsmen, for example, Lady Gaga, Gwen Stefani, Chamillionaire, and The Black Eyed Peas. Music: EMI EMI Music is one of the universes driving music organizations, home to the absolute best and most famous account specialists. http://cdn.pitchfork.com/news/44611/cacd3a76.png In 1887, Emile Berliner concocted his Gramophone strategy for recording and imitating sound utilizing plates, a procedure that would modernize the manner in which music was heard and experienced. The historical backdrop of EMI begins at The Gramophone Company in London. Established in 1897, the organization started to lead the pack in uniting the new solid account machines and performers. In 1930, the Great Depression struck the account business. As a reaction, The Gramophone Company and the Columbia Graphophone Company consented to a merger in 1931. The new firm was named Electric and Musical Industries (EMI). EMI additionally opened the universes first hand crafted recording studio at Abbey Road in London. Around 1950, EMI was the licensee for the significant record organizations RCA Victor and Columbia Records outside of North and south America. The permit understanding among EMI and Columbia finished in 1952, EMI and RCA finished in 1957. EMI needed to search for American craftsm en without anyone else. In 1955 EMI purchased Capitol Records, one of the biggest US record organizations. EMI expanded its interest in UK while building up its rundown of American specialists. During the 1960s British popular music detonated. With the achievement of The Beatles and other EMI specialists, the organization turned into the mark of first decision for any yearning British craftsman. The companys craftsman list was inconceivable during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1974, EMI renamed their distributing activity to EMI Music Publishing. The late 1980s and mid 1990s were a changing period for EMI. By the beginning of the 1990s the new CD design represented most of collections sold by EMI. In 1989 SBK Entertainment World was gained, making EMI Music Publishing the recognized world pioneer. In 1990, EMI completely claimed Chrysalis Records. In 1992, EMI purchased the Virgin Music Group, at the time the biggest autonomous music organization on the planet. In 1997 EMI built up the EM I Music Sound Foundation to help bolster people in the future of artists. EMIs first sites went online in 1993 and 1994, and in 1998 EMI gushed the main collection over the web. The next year EMI was the primary organization to distribute an advanced collection download and in 2001 EMI propelled the main video cut over the web. In 2007 EMI turned into the main significant music organization to make its music available without computerized rights the executives programming and at an a lot higher sound quality than previously. In 2011 EMI Music propelled OpenEMI to associate legitimately with the tech engineer network the world over. Today EMIs music is accessible to buy carefully through many administrations around the globe. (History | EMI Music) (Press, 1998) The proprietors of EMI are Universal Music Group and Sony/ATV Music Publishing. EMI has 515 representatives in 2012 and is a private area. (Half of EMI Publishings staff could go if Sony/ATV bargain experiences | CMU: Complete Music Update, 2012) EMI gives items, for example, music, music-recording, music-distributing and music-retailing. The main shop EMI opened was in 1921, called HMV shop on Oxford Street in London. These days, EMI claims 330 HMV music stores and Dillons book shops. The most huge non-music item was the progressive new Computed Tomographic X-beam filtering gadget in 1972. In the year 1997 the organization had 60 names in 46 nations, including standard names. The organization had 17699 representatives. The deals in 1997 have been $5.58 billion. Print: Bertelsmann Bertelsmann is a universal media enterprise and is a privately owned business. They give data, diversion and media administrations, distributing and music. Bertelsmann needs to make a commitment to society and to turn into the pioneers in the media-advertise. They for the most part center around their imaginative substance and their relationship with their clients. Bertelsmann works in 63 nations. http://www.arvato-russia.com/pictures/Bertelsmann_Logo_sRGB_orig.jpg C. Bertelsmann Verlag was established in 1835, in Gã ¼tersloh Germany via Carl Bertelsmann. It previously began as a distributing house and print shop which for the most part centered around Christian melodies and books. Later on, Carls child Heinrich began to distribute books in 1851. Business was going useful for Bertelsmann Verlag and they gradually extended during the next years. During the subsequent universal war, Bertelsmann had become the greatest maker of Nazi purposeful publicity. In that period, they had distributed books by Nazi writers, for instance Will Vesper and Hans Grimm. Toward the finish of the war, distributing was shut for some time on account of unlawful paper-exchanging. In 1947, Reinhard Mohn re-established the organization. During the 1950s, the organization was extended with the book-club: Bertelsmann Lesserring. In 1958, they entered the music business with the LP mark: Ariola Records. In 1964, they came into the film advertise with the acquisition of Ulfa Filmproduktionsgesellschaft. In 1973 Bertelsmann got the larger part responsibility for und Jahr-distributing, which delivered magazines and papers. In 1979 Bertelsmann began to grow globally. In that year they purchased the American name: Arista and in the next years they purchased Bantam Books, RCA Victor, houseDoubleday and Windham Hill Records. In 1996 Bertelsmann assumed full re sponsibility for Windham Hill Records. During this timeframe, the exercises in the music business were packaged into the name BMG. From 1995 to 2000 Bertelsmann had an Internet specialist organization and began cooperating with AOL that worked all over Europe. In 1995 the Ufa Film-und Fernseh-GmbH melded with CLT, Luxembourg. The outcome was RTL Group, the greatest private radio and TV supporter in Europe. In 1998 Thomas Middelhoff became CEO of Bertelsmann. He bought the Random House distributing house and concentrated on the gatherings overall book distributing tasks. In 1999, Bertelsmann presented bol.com. On October 1, 2008 Bertelsmann sold half of Sony BMG to Sony Corporation of America. Sony then renamed its completely possessed music business to Sony Music Entertainment. These two withdrawals implied the finish of the Bertelsmann Music Group division and the things that Bertelsmann needed to keep from these sell-offs, will be the start of a forthcoming BMG office, BMG Rights Management, which will focus on building, overseeing and advertising craftsman rights. (History Bertelsmann SE Co. KGaA) (Bertelsmann : meaning of Bertelsmann and equivalent word of Bertelsmann (English)) On August 20, 2012, Bertelsmann changed its authoritative document from Bertelsmann AG to Bertelsmann SE Co. KGaA, an association restricted by shares (KGaA). KGaA is a demonstrated authoritative document for

Diabetes Clinic

Diabetes Clinic Diabetes Clinic Home›Marketing Posts›Diabetes Clinic Marketing PostsThis article is a report that provides market data analysis on the diabetes clinic on a given market. The report shows volume in units, value in USD million and average price in USD data for every segment and sub-segment for the two market categories; that is glucose monitoring and insulin delivery (Spitzer, 2011). The report also entails shares for each of the mentioned market categories and the global corporate level profiles of the market participants with information on company financials and pipeline product.Source of informationInformation required for the delivery of this report was obtained from data obtained from 2002 to 2009 with a projection of 7 years up to the year 2016 (Haugen, 2008). Other sources of information included annualized market revenues in USD million, volume in units and average price in $ data for every segment and sub-segments for two market categories.The other source of information was the Company Shares in 2009 for each of the two market categories. The last source of data was Global corporate-level profiles of key companies operating within the Argentina diabetes care devices market (Spitzer, 2011). These includes: F.Hoffman-la Roche ltd, life scan, Inc, Bayer HealthCare AG, Abbtt laboratories, and Becton.AnalysisThe report focuses on Argentina diabetes care devices market outlook to 2016. The major areas covered include:ProductThe company deals in medical equipment for monitoring glucose and insulin delivery. These equipments are very essential in monitoring the level of glucose and insulin thus trying to reduce the level of insulin among the people all over the world. With the increased population and many cases of diabetes, the products have ready market for their use (Haugen, 2008). The product can be said to be relevant for marketing because there will be many people suffering from diabetes who need to be operated and treated. This has lead to the succ ess of the organization.PriceThe report provides the value in USD million on average price data for each segment and sub-segment within two market categories; that is glucose monitoring and insulin delivery. The increase in sales indicated by the report shows that there is ready market for the product within and outside Argentina.  The manufactures are only required to monitor the demand and usefulness of the device so that they benefit from the sale of the product as well as the final users. The suggested retail price should not be too high to make the product affordable as well as too low to make the manufacturers incur losses.PlaceThe location also contributes a lot for the success of the company. The company is situated in a region that has ready market for its product thus contributing to its success (Koharick, 2009). Apart from its location, the company carries out a market research for its products all over the world thus increasing sales. The company has also effective distr ibution channels that allow easy delivery of the product to customers.PromotionThe advertisement and the education that is carried on a particular good or service, would determine the kind of market that a given service would require. This suffice well when, proper marketing is done that meets the customer’s requirements. The community members would be attracted to a place where they have been informed and understand their consequences.Relationship with its partnersThe company has good partner relationship management program. This is because focus of marketing is people. By concentrating your efforts on products or profit only, you are likely to miss the mark. This program helps the company to improve sales and gain faster lead. This has offered more efficient collaboration with the partners. It has also helped in business strategy that improves communications between corporations and their partners. This effective partner relationship management has enabled the company to have a control access to their daily life.Market targetThis is the breaking of the market into segments and then focusing your marketing efforts on a few segments. The more information you have about a target market, the more accurately you can develop your strategy. By knowing about market segmentation, you can work-out a well crafted marketing strategy in the world of today which offers a great competition in business markets.Market segmentation is carried out in the following ways:  Geographic segmentationThis is based on location such as homes addresses. The company always targets its customers based on their geographical location so that to make more sales. This will always lead to the success of the company.Psychographic segmentationThis is based on lifestyle preferences such as being urban dwellers. The company always tries to make the products suit their preferences so that to increase sales.  For instance, the Argentine diabetes care device manufactures may target medical practiti oners who have interest in doing surgery as well as other operations. By targeting these people, he is assured of making sales to those consumers.Demographic segmentationThis is based on measurable statistics such as age, income and occupation. By targeting people who are able and willing to buy the products or services, there is a high likelihood of making sales of the products (Haugen, 2008). Also by targeting medical practioners who work in health facilities near places where diabetes is high among the population, the sale of the products is likely to be high. The company always targets customers based on their age or income status in a way that will make the products more appealing to them.Target marketing and its significance in marketing planTarget marketing is a concept in marketing that helps marketers to divide the market into small units comprising of people with similar interests. These units’ helps marketers come up with design strategies and procedures to promote its product in particular segments. A target market is a group of people who are inclined towards the same products and can be influenced to buy the products using similar strategies. Targeting a specific market, results into the improvement of sales of any product or services. It involves simply what the name illustrates, looking for places where the product or service is required. By bringing the product or service that a customer want within their access, there is a guarantee of sales. It is like feeding a hungry dog or a cat: they will consume any food given to them as long as they are hungry. This can be achieved by looking for the market of the consumer wanting to make the purchase. This is mainly possible in internet marketing.This is facilitated by programs that allow tracking of internet inquiries and searches of internet users (Haugen, 2008). This makes easy access to consumers wanting certain types of items easy. Secondly, there are certain goods and services which are only n eeded by certain age group. For instance, The Argentine diabetes care device would be suitable to be used by older people who are likely to suffer from diabetes due to lack of exercise. By targeting places where the high number of people are older, the sale of the product is likely to go up.Target marketing can be achieved by using banners for advertising and websites. Once you have information about a customer, you can communicate with them by use of emails, creating blogs to increase interests and creating an email brochure for the products and services you have that they are likely to buy (Koharik, 2009). You can also send newspapers on monthly basis to them to update them on the products and services you are offering. The major importance of target marketing is that similar strategies can be used to promote products and services within a target market. It also allows adoption of a more focused approach during target marketing. By target marketing, customers are known well and th us can reach out target audience in a more effective manner.

Estimating National Merit Cutoffs

This post still contains useful information about the development of our cutoff estimates, but it has been superseded by our more recent methodology. National Merit cut-offs released in September 2015 are for the old SAT and provide little guidance for the New PSAT cut-offs to be announced in September 2016. Based on preliminary concordances released by College Board, current and previous score distribution figures, student data, and Compass modeling, we prepared estimated ranges of the new cut-offs for Semifinalists and Commended Students. You can also consult are National Merit FAQ. Below we discuss our methodology and some of the important obstacles in developing estimates. Simulated Concordances Compass ran simulations of the composition of old PSAT Selection Index values in order to find the concordant values on the New PSAT. Distribution plays an important role. The concordance results for a student with a 70CR, 70M, and 70W (210 Selection Index) on the old PSAT are different than for a student with a 60CR, 80M, 70W. The latter is mathematically possible, but is far less likely than the former, Our simulations weighted the â€Å"most likely† score combinations. The quirks in the scaling of the new test mean that while the states with the highest Selection Indexes will see lower cut-offs in for the class of 2017, other states will see higher cut-offs. In fact, our estimates show that the Commended Student cut-off could climb as high as 210, although we expect it to be closer to 207 [It ended up at 209.] A Double-Check of the Concordance Route Any method for estimating National Merit figures based on College Board data should contain a double-check or triple-check, because the released College Board tables are preliminary and may, in some situations, be inaccurate. One important double-check is to look at actual student results.  For example, if School X always sees between 27 and 33 National Merit Semifinalists, then School X is a good predictor of its state’s cut-off. The changes made to the New PSAT are unlikely to significantly change the number of recognized students at School X. At what New PSAT score would School X have 33 National Merit Semifinalists? 27 Semifinalists? For California results, Compass has been able to perform this double-check, and this also gives us insight into adjacent scores. The same assumptions should not be made about a school that typically sees few Semifinalists or has fluctuating numbers. Misleading Percentiles Selection Index percentiles cannot be used to determine Semifinalist cut-offs. 1) Percentiles reflect the national pool of test-takers, whereas cut-offs are determined on a state-by-state basis 2) The reported percentiles on PSAT score reports are based on a small sample group that Compass has previously shown is not perfectly representative — especially at the all-important tail of the curve. Concordances Do Not Link Selection Index College Board has not provided a concordance of Old PSAT Selection Index to New PSAT Selection Index, nor does it need to. The released concordances focus on decisions colleges will need to make with SAT scores. PSAT selection indices do not come into play. This gap in concordances, though, means that a way of concording scores must be pieced together, and each piece introduces some level of error. For example. The new Reading and Writing and Language tests are each reported on 8-38 scales. This scale gives only 31 different scores as opposed to the 61 that existed on the 20-80 scale. In not-at-all-technical terms, this makes the concordances lumpy. Concordances are always subject to rounding, and are also dependent on the reference group used. Distribution of Scores is Not Normal Some students and organizations make the incorrect assumption that scores on the PSAT follow a normal distribution.  The original SAT scale — which the old PSAT mimicked — was set as a normal distribution. It’s wrong to assume that the distribution of New PSAT scores will follow the same curve. In fact, we know that they do not. The PSAT and SAT are normed test — the scales are set not based on the current test takers but on a consistent reference group — but that is not the same things as saying that scores are normalized.  The changes to the test do not necessarily shift subject scores in uniform ways, so we cannot know, for example, that students who got top Math and Writing scores on the old PSAT will get top Math and Writing and Language scores on the new PSAT. Our modeling shows that these shifts should be modest. Score Distributions Vary Across Subjects Scores were not equally common across Critical Reading, Math, and Writing, and they are not equally common across EBRW and Math. This difference is accentuated by the fact that the Selection Index weights the EBRW score double that of the Math score.  Below is a simple example of several possible section scores that give the same total score of 1460 but produce very different Selection Index scores and very different results. Student B almost certainly misses the Semifinalist cut in California. Student C almost certainly makes the cut. Student A is on the bubble. Changes in Behavior Population shifts usually have small year-to-year impact on the larger states, but some schools and students decided to skip the PSAT this year. There was also less test preparation done for the PSAT, since many students were already focused on the ultimate goal of a high ACT score.